FPA Tracker — monthly fuel adjustment rates
Fuel Price Adjustment (FPA) is the single biggest reason Pakistani electricity bills swing month to month. This page collects recent per-unit FPA figures, an explainer for how it is set, worked examples on your own units, and links to the official NEPRA source you can verify against.
Recent FPA rates (indicative average across DISCOs)
| Consumption month | Rs./unit | Driver |
|---|---|---|
| Mar 2026 | 2.10 | Cooler month, hydel dominant |
| Feb 2026 | 1.40 | Lowest FPA of the quarter |
| Jan 2026 | 3.80 | Winter LNG spike |
| Dec 2025 | 4.20 | Peak imported-fuel month |
| Nov 2025 | 2.90 | Coal-heavy dispatch |
| Oct 2025 | 3.10 | Shoulder month |
| Sep 2025 | 1.90 | Hydel still strong |
| Aug 2025 | 0.80 | Monsoon low |
Rates above are illustrative country averages. NEPRA notifies exact per-DISCO monthly determinations at nepra.org.pk — always confirm the number that actually appears on your bill against that PDF.
How to work out your FPA
Multiply your monthly units by the notified FPA rate, then add 18% GST on the FPA line. On 350 units at Rs. 3.8/unit, that is Rs. 1,330 in FPA plus Rs. 239 GST = Rs. 1,569 total FPA impact. Our FPA calculator does this in a single tap.
Two things people get wrong:
- The FPA on your bill is for a past month (usually two months ago) — not the current billing period. That is why bills can look expensive even during a low-consumption month.
- GST is charged on the FPA line separately, at 18%. Some bills also add PTV fee, ED and other small line items — FPA itself does not include those.
Why FPA changes so much
Pakistan's electricity comes from a shifting mix of hydel, gas, LNG, coal, nuclear and residual fuel oil. When any of the following swing, FPA reacts:
- USD / PKR exchange rate. Most fuel — LNG, furnace oil, coal — is imported and priced in dollars. A weakening rupee pushes FPA up.
- Hydel availability. Monsoon and snowmelt push hydel to 30% of generation and drag FPA down; winter dry-season hydel drops to 8% and FPA rises.
- LNG spot vs contract. When contract cargoes are unavailable and Pakistan buys spot LNG, per-unit fuel cost can double for a month.
- Nuclear and coal availability. Chashma / K2 / K3 outages force the grid onto more expensive plants; RLNG-heavy dispatch pushes FPA higher.
- Demand shape. Peak summer demand pulls expensive plants online at the margin; monsoon low-demand months use cheaper plants only.
How to protect yourself from FPA shocks
- Watch the two-month-ahead signal. If you see a global LNG price spike in the news in November, expect a higher FPA on the January bill.
- Stay under the 200-unit protected slab if your household allows it — protected consumers see a much smaller FPA impact.
- Add rooftop solar, even a 3–5 kW system: solar-generated units are FPA-free by definition.
- Do not budget on last month's bill alone. Compare a full 12-month window; FPA can double bill size between consecutive months without any change in units used.
Verifying against NEPRA
Every FPA rate on your bill is publicly notified. The audit trail: NEPRA hears the DISCO's monthly petition, publishes a determination PDF, and each DISCO then notifies the applied rate on your bill's tariff schedule. If a number looks off, cross-check with the NEPRA determination for that month — the two should match to two decimal places.